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2to3.html
58.11
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2019-03-27 12:19
__builtin__.html
10.81
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__future__.html
14.34
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__main__.html
7.34
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_winreg.html
63.12
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abc.html
25.22
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aepack.html
13.83
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aetools.html
16
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aetypes.html
20.53
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aifc.html
24.48
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al.html
18.23
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allos.html
34.47
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anydbm.html
17.7
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archiving.html
9.84
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argparse.html
257.44
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array.html
31.11
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ast.html
37.27
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asynchat.html
33.13
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asyncore.html
39.68
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atexit.html
18.02
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audioop.html
33.45
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autogil.html
8.53
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base64.html
21.35
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basehttpserver.html
36.56
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bastion.html
11.52
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bdb.html
40.42
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binascii.html
22.46
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binhex.html
11.04
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bisect.html
24.09
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bsddb.html
27.92
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bz2.html
28.37
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calendar.html
40.78
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carbon.html
50.78
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cd.html
29.33
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cgi.html
54.61
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cgihttpserver.html
13.7
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cgitb.html
11.98
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chunk.html
15.53
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cmath.html
27.7
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cmd.html
28.36
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code.html
26.33
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codecs.html
115.49
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codeop.html
15.53
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collections.html
144.19
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colorpicker.html
7.85
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colorsys.html
11.64
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commands.html
15.15
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compileall.html
18.18
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compiler.html
74.12
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configparser.html
66.16
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constants.html
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contextlib.html
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cookie.html
40.87
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cookielib.html
88.9
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copy.html
12.7
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copy_reg.html
14.35
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crypt.html
10.4
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crypto.html
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csv.html
74.66
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ctypes.html
258.37
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curses.ascii.html
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curses.html
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curses.panel.html
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custominterp.html
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datatypes.html
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datetime.html
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dbhash.html
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dbm.html
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debug.html
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decimal.html
217.1
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development.html
14.48
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difflib.html
89.82
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2019-03-27 12:19
dircache.html
12.01
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2019-03-27 12:19
dis.html
82.18
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distribution.html
7.5
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distutils.html
9.91
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dl.html
17.25
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doctest.html
181.53
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docxmlrpcserver.html
17.16
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2019-03-27 12:19
dumbdbm.html
15.18
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dummy_thread.html
9.83
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dummy_threading.html
8.72
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2019-03-27 12:19
easydialogs.html
32.35
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2019-03-27 12:19
email-examples.html
46.31
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.charset.html
28.73
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.encoders.html
12.55
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email.errors.html
17.53
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email.generator.html
22.6
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email.header.html
28.43
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email.html
54.42
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email.iterators.html
12.33
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email.message.html
68.54
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email.mime.html
30.91
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.parser.html
34.32
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.utils.html
26.44
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2019-03-27 12:19
ensurepip.html
17.9
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2019-03-27 12:19
errno.html
39.3
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2019-03-27 12:19
exceptions.html
62.2
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2019-03-27 12:19
fcntl.html
25.63
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filecmp.html
23.43
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2019-03-27 12:19
fileformats.html
9.43
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fileinput.html
26.44
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filesys.html
10.61
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fl.html
55.2
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2019-03-27 12:19
fm.html
12.7
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fnmatch.html
15.88
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2019-03-27 12:19
formatter.html
36.5
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fpectl.html
16.48
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fpformat.html
11.19
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2019-03-27 12:19
fractions.html
24.3
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framework.html
36.07
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frameworks.html
7.37
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ftplib.html
48.42
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functions.html
200.82
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functools.html
28.95
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future_builtins.html
14.14
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gc.html
27.76
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gdbm.html
17.39
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gensuitemodule.html
12.28
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getopt.html
24.69
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getpass.html
11.16
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gettext.html
82.98
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gl.html
23.77
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glob.html
14.09
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grp.html
11.05
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gzip.html
20.09
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hashlib.html
24.87
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2019-03-27 12:19
heapq.html
34.07
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hmac.html
14.04
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hotshot.html
19.67
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htmllib.html
27.03
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htmlparser.html
41.44
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httplib.html
69.27
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i18n.html
9.81
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ic.html
18.22
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idle.html
41.16
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imageop.html
15.72
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imaplib.html
57.14
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imgfile.html
12.43
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imghdr.html
11.95
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imp.html
36.72
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importlib.html
8.72
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imputil.html
32.78
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index.html
77.23
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inspect.html
55.49
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internet.html
25.53
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intro.html
9.13
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io.html
111.04
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ipc.html
16.21
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itertools.html
122.46
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jpeg.html
13.43
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json.html
71.95
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keyword.html
8.02
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language.html
11.41
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linecache.html
11.15
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locale.html
60.13
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logging.config.html
78.17
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logging.handlers.html
78.31
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logging.html
107.67
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mac.html
22.83
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macos.html
15.75
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macosa.html
13.75
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macostools.html
16.5
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macpath.html
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mailbox.html
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mailcap.html
13.8
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markup.html
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marshal.html
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math.html
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md5.html
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mhlib.html
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mimetools.html
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mimetypes.html
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mimewriter.html
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mimify.html
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miniaeframe.html
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misc.html
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mm.html
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mmap.html
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modulefinder.html
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modules.html
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msilib.html
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msvcrt.html
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multifile.html
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multiprocessing.html
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mutex.html
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netdata.html
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netrc.html
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new.html
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nis.html
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nntplib.html
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numbers.html
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numeric.html
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operator.html
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optparse.html
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os.html
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os.path.html
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ossaudiodev.html
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othergui.html
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parser.html
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pdb.html
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persistence.html
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pickle.html
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pickletools.html
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pipes.html
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pkgutil.html
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platform.html
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plistlib.html
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popen2.html
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poplib.html
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posix.html
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posixfile.html
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pprint.html
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profile.html
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pty.html
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pwd.html
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py_compile.html
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pyclbr.html
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pydoc.html
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pyexpat.html
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python.html
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queue.html
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quopri.html
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random.html
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re.html
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readline.html
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repr.html
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resource.html
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restricted.html
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rexec.html
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rfc822.html
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rlcompleter.html
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robotparser.html
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runpy.html
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sched.html
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scrolledtext.html
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select.html
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sets.html
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sgi.html
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sgmllib.html
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sha.html
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shelve.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>20.11. nntplib — NNTP protocol client — Python 2.7.16 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.16 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="20.12. smtplib — SMTP protocol client" href="smtplib.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="20.10. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client" href="imaplib.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/nntplib.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="smtplib.html" title="20.12. smtplib — SMTP protocol client" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="imaplib.html" title="20.10. imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="internet.html" accesskey="U">20. Internet Protocols and Support</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-nntplib"> <span id="nntplib-nntp-protocol-client"></span><h1>20.11. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-nntplib" title="nntplib: NNTP protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nntplib</span></code></a> — NNTP protocol client<a class="headerlink" href="#module-nntplib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p id="index-0"><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/nntplib.py">Lib/nntplib.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>This module defines the class <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP" title="nntplib.NNTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NNTP</span></code></a> which implements the client side of the NNTP protocol. It can be used to implement a news reader or poster, or automated news processors. For more information on NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol), see Internet <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc977.html"><strong>RFC 977</strong></a>.</p> <p>Here are two small examples of how it can be used. To list some statistics about a newsgroup and print the subjects of the last 10 articles:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">NNTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'news.gmane.org'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">last</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'gmane.comp.python.committers'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s1">'Group'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'has'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'articles, range'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'to'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">last</span> <span class="go">Group gmane.comp.python.committers has 1071 articles, range 1 to 1071</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">resp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">subs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xhdr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'subject'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">first</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">'-'</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">last</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sub</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">subs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:]:</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sub</span> <span class="gp">...</span> <span class="go">1062 Re: Mercurial Status?</span> <span class="go">1063 Re: [python-committers] (Windows) buildbots on 3.x</span> <span class="go">1064 Re: Mercurial Status?</span> <span class="go">1065 Re: Mercurial Status?</span> <span class="go">1066 Python 2.6.6 status</span> <span class="go">1067 Commit Privileges for Ask Solem</span> <span class="go">1068 Re: Commit Privileges for Ask Solem</span> <span class="go">1069 Re: Commit Privileges for Ask Solem</span> <span class="go">1070 Re: Commit Privileges for Ask Solem</span> <span class="go">1071 2.6.6 rc 2</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">'205 Bye!'</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>To post an article from a file (this assumes that the article has valid headers, and that you have right to post on the particular newsgroup):</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">NNTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'news.gmane.org'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'articlefile'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">'240 Article posted successfully.'</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">'205 Bye!'</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The module itself defines the following items:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">nntplib.</code><code class="descname">NNTP</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host[, port [, user[, password [, readermode] [, usenetrc]]]]</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a new instance of the <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP" title="nntplib.NNTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NNTP</span></code></a> class, representing a connection to the NNTP server running on host <em>host</em>, listening at port <em>port</em>. The default <em>port</em> is 119. If the optional <em>user</em> and <em>password</em> are provided, or if suitable credentials are present in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/.netrc</span></code> and the optional flag <em>usenetrc</em> is true (the default), the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AUTHINFO</span> <span class="pre">USER</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AUTHINFO</span> <span class="pre">PASS</span></code> commands are used to identify and authenticate the user to the server. If the optional flag <em>readermode</em> is true, then a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mode</span> <span class="pre">reader</span></code> command is sent before authentication is performed. Reader mode is sometimes necessary if you are connecting to an NNTP server on the local machine and intend to call reader-specific commands, such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">group</span></code>. If you get unexpected <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTPPermanentError" title="nntplib.NNTPPermanentError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NNTPPermanentError</span></code></a>s, you might need to set <em>readermode</em>. <em>readermode</em> defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. <em>usenetrc</em> defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.4: </span><em>usenetrc</em> argument added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTPError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">nntplib.</code><code class="descname">NNTPError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Derived from the standard exception <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.Exception" title="exceptions.Exception"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Exception</span></code></a>, this is the base class for all exceptions raised by the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-nntplib" title="nntplib: NNTP protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nntplib</span></code></a> module.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTPReplyError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">nntplib.</code><code class="descname">NNTPReplyError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPReplyError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the server. For backwards compatibility, the exception <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_reply</span></code> is equivalent to this class.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTPTemporaryError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">nntplib.</code><code class="descname">NNTPTemporaryError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPTemporaryError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when an error code in the range 400–499 is received. For backwards compatibility, the exception <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_temp</span></code> is equivalent to this class.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTPPermanentError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">nntplib.</code><code class="descname">NNTPPermanentError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPPermanentError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when an error code in the range 500–599 is received. For backwards compatibility, the exception <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_perm</span></code> is equivalent to this class.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTPProtocolError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">nntplib.</code><code class="descname">NNTPProtocolError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPProtocolError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does not begin with a digit in the range 1–5. For backwards compatibility, the exception <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_proto</span></code> is equivalent to this class.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTPDataError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">nntplib.</code><code class="descname">NNTPDataError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTPDataError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when there is some error in the response data. For backwards compatibility, the exception <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">error_data</span></code> is equivalent to this class.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="nntp-objects"> <span id="id1"></span><h2>20.11.1. NNTP Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#nntp-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>NNTP instances have the following methods. The <em>response</em> that is returned as the first item in the return tuple of almost all methods is the server’s response: a string beginning with a three-digit code. If the server’s response indicates an error, the method raises one of the above exceptions.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.getwelcome"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">getwelcome</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.getwelcome" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help information that may be relevant to the user.)</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.set_debuglevel"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">set_debuglevel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>level</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.set_debuglevel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the instance’s debugging level. This controls the amount of debugging output printed. The default, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>, produces no debugging output. A value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> produces a moderate amount of debugging output, generally a single line per request or response. A value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> or higher produces the maximum amount of debugging output, logging each line sent and received on the connection (including message text).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.newgroups"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">newgroups</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>date</em>, <em>time</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NEWGROUPS</span></code> command. The <em>date</em> argument should be a string of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'yymmdd'</span></code> indicating the date, and <em>time</em> should be a string of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'hhmmss'</span></code> indicating the time. Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">groups)</span></code> where <em>groups</em> is a list of group names that are new since the given date and time. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NEWGROUPS</span></code> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on it to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.newnews"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">newnews</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>group</em>, <em>date</em>, <em>time</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newnews" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NEWNEWS</span></code> command. Here, <em>group</em> is a group name or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'*'</span></code>, and <em>date</em> and <em>time</em> have the same meaning as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups" title="nntplib.NNTP.newgroups"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newgroups()</span></code></a>. Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">articles)</span></code> where <em>articles</em> is a list of message ids. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NEWNEWS</span></code> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on it to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.list"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">list</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.list" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIST</span></code> command. Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></code> where <em>list</em> is a list of tuples. Each tuple has the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(group,</span> <span class="pre">last,</span> <span class="pre">first,</span> <span class="pre">flag)</span></code>, where <em>group</em> is a group name, <em>last</em> and <em>first</em> are the last and first article numbers (as strings), and <em>flag</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'y'</span></code> if posting is allowed, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'n'</span></code> if not, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'m'</span></code> if the newsgroup is moderated. (Note the ordering: <em>last</em>, <em>first</em>.) If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIST</span></code> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on it to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.descriptions"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">descriptions</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>grouppattern</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LIST</span> <span class="pre">NEWSGROUPS</span></code> command, where <em>grouppattern</em> is a wildmat string as specified in RFC2980 (it’s essentially the same as DOS or UNIX shell wildcard strings). Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></code>, where <em>list</em> is a list of tuples containing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(name,</span> <span class="pre">title)</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.description"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">description</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>group</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.description" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get a description for a single group <em>group</em>. If more than one group matches (if ‘group’ is a real wildmat string), return the first match. If no group matches, return an empty string.</p> <p>This elides the response code from the server. If the response code is needed, use <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions" title="nntplib.NNTP.descriptions"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">descriptions()</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.4.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.group"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">group</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.group" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GROUP</span></code> command, where <em>name</em> is the group name. Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">count,</span> <span class="pre">first,</span> <span class="pre">last,</span> <span class="pre">name)</span></code> where <em>count</em> is the (estimated) number of articles in the group, <em>first</em> is the first article number in the group, <em>last</em> is the last article number in the group, and <em>name</em> is the group name. The numbers are returned as strings.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.help"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">help</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.help" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELP</span></code> command. Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></code> where <em>list</em> is a list of help strings. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELP</span></code> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on it to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.stat"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">stat</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">STAT</span></code> command, where <em>id</em> is the message id (enclosed in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'>'</span></code>) or an article number (as a string). Return a triple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">number,</span> <span class="pre">id)</span></code> where <em>number</em> is the article number (as a string) and <em>id</em> is the message id (enclosed in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'>'</span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.next"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">next</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.next" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NEXT</span></code> command. Return as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat" title="nntplib.NNTP.stat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.last"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">last</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.last" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LAST</span></code> command. Return as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat" title="nntplib.NNTP.stat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.head"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">head</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.head" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HEAD</span></code> command, where <em>id</em> has the same meaning as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat" title="nntplib.NNTP.stat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code></a>. Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">number,</span> <span class="pre">id,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></code> where the first three are the same as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat" title="nntplib.NNTP.stat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code></a>, and <em>list</em> is a list of the article’s headers (an uninterpreted list of lines, without trailing newlines).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.body"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">body</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.body" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BODY</span></code> command, where <em>id</em> has the same meaning as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat" title="nntplib.NNTP.stat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code></a>. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the body is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on it to store the lines of the body. Return as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.head" title="nntplib.NNTP.head"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">head()</span></code></a>. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.article"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">article</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.article" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ARTICLE</span></code> command, where <em>id</em> has the same meaning as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.stat" title="nntplib.NNTP.stat"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code></a>. Return as for <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.head" title="nntplib.NNTP.head"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">head()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.slave"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">slave</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.slave" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SLAVE</span></code> command. Return the server’s <em>response</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.xhdr"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">xhdr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>header</em>, <em>string</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.xhdr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XHDR</span></code> command. This command is not defined in the RFC but is a common extension. The <em>header</em> argument is a header keyword, e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'subject'</span></code>. The <em>string</em> argument should have the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'first-last'</span></code> where <em>first</em> and <em>last</em> are the first and last article numbers to search. Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></code>, where <em>list</em> is a list of pairs <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(id,</span> <span class="pre">text)</span></code>, where <em>id</em> is an article number (as a string) and <em>text</em> is the text of the requested header for that article. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XHDR</span></code> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on it to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.post"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">post</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>file</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.post" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Post an article using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">POST</span></code> command. The <em>file</em> argument is an open file object which is read until EOF using its <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#file.readline" title="file.readline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readline()</span></code></a> method. It should be a well-formed news article, including the required headers. The <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.post" title="nntplib.NNTP.post"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">post()</span></code></a> method automatically escapes lines beginning with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.ihave"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">ihave</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em>, <em>file</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.ihave" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IHAVE</span></code> command. <em>id</em> is a message id (enclosed in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'>'</span></code>). If the response is not an error, treat <em>file</em> exactly as for the <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.post" title="nntplib.NNTP.post"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">post()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.date"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">date</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.date" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a triple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">date,</span> <span class="pre">time)</span></code>, containing the current date and time in a form suitable for the <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newnews" title="nntplib.NNTP.newnews"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newnews()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.newgroups" title="nntplib.NNTP.newgroups"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">newgroups()</span></code></a> methods. This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all servers.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.xgtitle"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">xgtitle</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.xgtitle" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Process an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XGTITLE</span></code> command, returning a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(response,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></code>, where <em>list</em> is a list of tuples containing <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(name,</span> <span class="pre">title)</span></code>. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XGTITLE</span></code> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on it to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list. This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all servers.</p> <p>RFC2980 says “It is suggested that this extension be deprecated”. Use <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.descriptions" title="nntplib.NNTP.descriptions"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">descriptions()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#nntplib.NNTP.description" title="nntplib.NNTP.description"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">description()</span></code></a> instead.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.xover"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">xover</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>start</em>, <em>end</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>file</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.xover" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(resp,</span> <span class="pre">list)</span></code>. <em>list</em> is a list of tuples, one for each article in the range delimited by the <em>start</em> and <em>end</em> article numbers. Each tuple is of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(article</span> <span class="pre">number,</span> <span class="pre">subject,</span> <span class="pre">poster,</span> <span class="pre">date,</span> <span class="pre">id,</span> <span class="pre">references,</span> <span class="pre">size,</span> <span class="pre">lines)</span></code>. If the <em>file</em> parameter is supplied, then the output of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">XOVER</span></code> command is stored in a file. If <em>file</em> is a string, then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it. If <em>file</em> is a file object, then it will start calling <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> on it to store the lines of the command output. If <em>file</em> is supplied, then the returned <em>list</em> is an empty list. This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all servers.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.xpath"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">xpath</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>id</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.xpath" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(resp,</span> <span class="pre">path)</span></code>, where <em>path</em> is the directory path to the article with message ID <em>id</em>. This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all servers.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="nntplib.NNTP.quit"> <code class="descclassname">NNTP.</code><code class="descname">quit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nntplib.NNTP.quit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUIT</span></code> command and close the connection. Once this method has been called, no other methods of the NNTP object should be called.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">20.11. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nntplib</span></code> — NNTP protocol client</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#nntp-objects">20.11.1. 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