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2to3.html
58.11
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2019-03-27 12:19
__builtin__.html
10.81
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__future__.html
14.34
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__main__.html
7.34
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_winreg.html
63.12
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abc.html
25.22
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aepack.html
13.83
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aetools.html
16
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aetypes.html
20.53
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aifc.html
24.48
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al.html
18.23
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allos.html
34.47
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anydbm.html
17.7
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archiving.html
9.84
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argparse.html
257.44
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array.html
31.11
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ast.html
37.27
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asynchat.html
33.13
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asyncore.html
39.68
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atexit.html
18.02
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audioop.html
33.45
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autogil.html
8.53
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base64.html
21.35
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basehttpserver.html
36.56
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bastion.html
11.52
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bdb.html
40.42
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binascii.html
22.46
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binhex.html
11.04
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bisect.html
24.09
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bsddb.html
27.92
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bz2.html
28.37
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calendar.html
40.78
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carbon.html
50.78
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cd.html
29.33
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cgi.html
54.61
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cgihttpserver.html
13.7
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cgitb.html
11.98
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chunk.html
15.53
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cmath.html
27.7
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cmd.html
28.36
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code.html
26.33
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codecs.html
115.49
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codeop.html
15.53
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collections.html
144.19
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colorpicker.html
7.85
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colorsys.html
11.64
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commands.html
15.15
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compileall.html
18.18
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compiler.html
74.12
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configparser.html
66.16
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constants.html
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contextlib.html
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cookie.html
40.87
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cookielib.html
88.9
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copy.html
12.7
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copy_reg.html
14.35
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crypt.html
10.4
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crypto.html
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csv.html
74.66
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ctypes.html
258.37
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curses.ascii.html
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curses.html
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curses.panel.html
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custominterp.html
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datatypes.html
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datetime.html
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dbhash.html
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dbm.html
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debug.html
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decimal.html
217.1
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development.html
14.48
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difflib.html
89.82
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2019-03-27 12:19
dircache.html
12.01
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2019-03-27 12:19
dis.html
82.18
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distribution.html
7.5
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distutils.html
9.91
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dl.html
17.25
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doctest.html
181.53
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docxmlrpcserver.html
17.16
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2019-03-27 12:19
dumbdbm.html
15.18
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dummy_thread.html
9.83
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dummy_threading.html
8.72
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2019-03-27 12:19
easydialogs.html
32.35
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2019-03-27 12:19
email-examples.html
46.31
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.charset.html
28.73
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.encoders.html
12.55
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email.errors.html
17.53
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email.generator.html
22.6
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email.header.html
28.43
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email.html
54.42
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email.iterators.html
12.33
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email.message.html
68.54
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email.mime.html
30.91
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.parser.html
34.32
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.utils.html
26.44
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2019-03-27 12:19
ensurepip.html
17.9
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2019-03-27 12:19
errno.html
39.3
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2019-03-27 12:19
exceptions.html
62.2
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2019-03-27 12:19
fcntl.html
25.63
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filecmp.html
23.43
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2019-03-27 12:19
fileformats.html
9.43
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fileinput.html
26.44
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filesys.html
10.61
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fl.html
55.2
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2019-03-27 12:19
fm.html
12.7
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fnmatch.html
15.88
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2019-03-27 12:19
formatter.html
36.5
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fpectl.html
16.48
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fpformat.html
11.19
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2019-03-27 12:19
fractions.html
24.3
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framework.html
36.07
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frameworks.html
7.37
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ftplib.html
48.42
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functions.html
200.82
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functools.html
28.95
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future_builtins.html
14.14
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gc.html
27.76
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gdbm.html
17.39
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gensuitemodule.html
12.28
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getopt.html
24.69
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getpass.html
11.16
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gettext.html
82.98
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gl.html
23.77
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glob.html
14.09
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grp.html
11.05
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gzip.html
20.09
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hashlib.html
24.87
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2019-03-27 12:19
heapq.html
34.07
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hmac.html
14.04
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hotshot.html
19.67
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htmllib.html
27.03
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htmlparser.html
41.44
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httplib.html
69.27
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i18n.html
9.81
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ic.html
18.22
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idle.html
41.16
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imageop.html
15.72
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imaplib.html
57.14
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imgfile.html
12.43
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imghdr.html
11.95
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imp.html
36.72
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importlib.html
8.72
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imputil.html
32.78
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index.html
77.23
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inspect.html
55.49
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internet.html
25.53
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intro.html
9.13
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io.html
111.04
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ipc.html
16.21
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itertools.html
122.46
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jpeg.html
13.43
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json.html
71.95
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keyword.html
8.02
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language.html
11.41
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linecache.html
11.15
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locale.html
60.13
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logging.config.html
78.17
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logging.handlers.html
78.31
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logging.html
107.67
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mac.html
22.83
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macos.html
15.75
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macosa.html
13.75
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macostools.html
16.5
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macpath.html
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mailbox.html
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mailcap.html
13.8
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markup.html
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marshal.html
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math.html
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md5.html
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mhlib.html
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mimetools.html
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mimetypes.html
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mimewriter.html
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mimify.html
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miniaeframe.html
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misc.html
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mm.html
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mmap.html
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modulefinder.html
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modules.html
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msilib.html
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msvcrt.html
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multifile.html
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multiprocessing.html
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mutex.html
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netdata.html
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netrc.html
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new.html
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nis.html
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nntplib.html
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numbers.html
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numeric.html
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operator.html
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optparse.html
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os.html
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os.path.html
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ossaudiodev.html
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othergui.html
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parser.html
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pdb.html
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persistence.html
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pickle.html
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pickletools.html
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pipes.html
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pkgutil.html
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platform.html
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plistlib.html
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popen2.html
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poplib.html
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posix.html
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posixfile.html
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pprint.html
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profile.html
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pty.html
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pwd.html
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py_compile.html
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pyclbr.html
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pydoc.html
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pyexpat.html
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python.html
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queue.html
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quopri.html
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random.html
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re.html
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readline.html
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repr.html
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resource.html
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restricted.html
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rexec.html
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rfc822.html
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rlcompleter.html
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robotparser.html
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runpy.html
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sched.html
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scrolledtext.html
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select.html
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sets.html
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sgi.html
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sgmllib.html
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sha.html
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shelve.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>20.16. urlparse — Parse URLs into components — Python 2.7.16 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.16 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="20.17. 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Internet Protocols and Support</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-urlparse"> <span id="urlparse-parse-urls-into-components"></span><h1>20.16. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse</span></code></a> — Parse URLs into components<a class="headerlink" href="#module-urlparse" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="admonition note" id="index-0"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse</span></code></a> module is renamed to <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.parse</span></code> in Python 3. The <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-2to3"><span class="xref std std-term">2to3</span></a> tool will automatically adapt imports when converting your sources to Python 3.</p> </div> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/urlparse.py">Lib/urlparse.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>This module defines a standard interface to break Uniform Resource Locator (URL) strings up in components (addressing scheme, network location, path etc.), to combine the components back into a URL string, and to convert a “relative URL” to an absolute URL given a “base URL.”</p> <p>The module has been designed to match the Internet RFC on Relative Uniform Resource Locators. It supports the following URL schemes: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">file</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ftp</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gopher</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hdl</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">http</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">https</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">imap</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mailto</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mms</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">news</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nntp</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prospero</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rsync</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rtsp</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rtspu</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sftp</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">shttp</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sip</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sips</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snews</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">svn</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">svn+ssh</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">telnet</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wais</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.5: </span>Support for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sftp</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sips</span></code> schemes.</p> </div> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse</span></code></a> module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="urlparse.urlparse"> <code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">urlparse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>urlstring</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>scheme</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>allow_fragments</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.urlparse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Parse a URL into six components, returning a 6-tuple. This corresponds to the general structure of a URL: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheme://netloc/path;parameters?query#fragment</span></code>. Each tuple item is a string, possibly empty. The components are not broken up in smaller parts (for example, the network location is a single string), and % escapes are not expanded. The delimiters as shown above are not part of the result, except for a leading slash in the <em>path</em> component, which is retained if present. For example:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">urlparse</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">urlparse</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">o</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urlparse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://www.cwi.nl:80/</span><span class="si">%7E</span><span class="s1">guido/Python.html'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">o</span> <span class="go">ParseResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',</span> <span class="go"> params='', query='', fragment='')</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">o</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scheme</span> <span class="go">'http'</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">o</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">port</span> <span class="go">80</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">o</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">geturl</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">'http://www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html'</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Following the syntax specifications in <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1808.html"><strong>RFC 1808</strong></a>, urlparse recognizes a netloc only if it is properly introduced by ‘//’. Otherwise the input is presumed to be a relative URL and thus to start with a path component.</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">urlparse</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">urlparse</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">urlparse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'//www.cwi.nl:80/</span><span class="si">%7E</span><span class="s1">guido/Python.html'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='www.cwi.nl:80', path='/%7Eguido/Python.html',</span> <span class="go"> params='', query='', fragment='')</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">urlparse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'www.cwi.nl/</span><span class="si">%7E</span><span class="s1">guido/Python.html'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html',</span> <span class="go"> params='', query='', fragment='')</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">urlparse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'help/Python.html'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='help/Python.html', params='',</span> <span class="go"> query='', fragment='')</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If the <em>scheme</em> argument is specified, it gives the default addressing scheme, to be used only if the URL does not specify one. The default value for this argument is the empty string.</p> <p>If the <em>allow_fragments</em> argument is false, fragment identifiers are not recognized and parsed as part of the preceding component, even if the URL’s addressing scheme normally does support them. The default value for this argument is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a>.</p> <p>The return value is actually an instance of a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#tuple" title="tuple"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></a>. This class has the following additional read-only convenience attributes:</p> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="25%" /> <col width="10%" /> <col width="36%" /> <col width="30%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Attribute</th> <th class="head">Index</th> <th class="head">Value</th> <th class="head">Value if not present</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheme</span></code></td> <td>0</td> <td>URL scheme specifier</td> <td><em>scheme</em> parameter</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netloc</span></code></td> <td>1</td> <td>Network location part</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">path</span></code></td> <td>2</td> <td>Hierarchical path</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">params</span></code></td> <td>3</td> <td>Parameters for last path element</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query</span></code></td> <td>4</td> <td>Query component</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fragment</span></code></td> <td>5</td> <td>Fragment identifier</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">username</span></code></td> <td> </td> <td>User name</td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">password</span></code></td> <td> </td> <td>Password</td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hostname</span></code></td> <td> </td> <td>Host name (lower case)</td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">port</span></code></td> <td> </td> <td>Port number as integer, if present</td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>See section <a class="reference internal" href="#urlparse-result-object"><span class="std std-ref">Results of urlparse() and urlsplit()</span></a> for more information on the result object.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.5: </span>Added attributes to return value.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.7: </span>Added IPv6 URL parsing capabilities.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="urlparse.parse_qs"> <code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">parse_qs</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>qs</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>keep_blank_values</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>strict_parsing</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>max_num_fields</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.parse_qs" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Parse a query string given as a string argument (data of type <em class="mimetype">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</em>). Data are returned as a dictionary. The dictionary keys are the unique query variable names and the values are lists of values for each name.</p> <p>The optional argument <em>keep_blank_values</em> is a flag indicating whether blank values in percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings. A true value indicates that blanks should be retained as blank strings. The default false value indicates that blank values are to be ignored and treated as if they were not included.</p> <p>The optional argument <em>strict_parsing</em> is a flag indicating what to do with parsing errors. If false (the default), errors are silently ignored. If true, errors raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> exception.</p> <p>The optional argument <em>max_num_fields</em> is the maximum number of fields to read. If set, then throws a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if there are more than <em>max_num_fields</em> fields read.</p> <p>Use the <a class="reference internal" href="urllib.html#urllib.urlencode" title="urllib.urlencode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.urlencode()</span></code></a> function to convert such dictionaries into query strings.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6: </span>Copied from the <a class="reference internal" href="cgi.html#module-cgi" title="cgi: Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cgi</span></code></a> module.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.7.16: </span>Added <em>max_num_fields</em> parameter.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="urlparse.parse_qsl"> <code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">parse_qsl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>qs</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>keep_blank_values</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>strict_parsing</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>max_num_fields</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.parse_qsl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Parse a query string given as a string argument (data of type <em class="mimetype">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</em>). Data are returned as a list of name, value pairs.</p> <p>The optional argument <em>keep_blank_values</em> is a flag indicating whether blank values in percent-encoded queries should be treated as blank strings. A true value indicates that blanks should be retained as blank strings. The default false value indicates that blank values are to be ignored and treated as if they were not included.</p> <p>The optional argument <em>strict_parsing</em> is a flag indicating what to do with parsing errors. If false (the default), errors are silently ignored. If true, errors raise a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> exception.</p> <p>The optional argument <em>max_num_fields</em> is the maximum number of fields to read. If set, then throws a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.ValueError" title="exceptions.ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> if there are more than <em>max_num_fields</em> fields read.</p> <p>Use the <a class="reference internal" href="urllib.html#urllib.urlencode" title="urllib.urlencode"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urllib.urlencode()</span></code></a> function to convert such lists of pairs into query strings.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.6: </span>Copied from the <a class="reference internal" href="cgi.html#module-cgi" title="cgi: Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cgi</span></code></a> module.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.7.16: </span>Added <em>max_num_fields</em> parameter.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="urlparse.urlunparse"> <code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">urlunparse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>parts</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.urlunparse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Construct a URL from a tuple as returned by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code>. The <em>parts</em> argument can be any six-item iterable. This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ? with an empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="urlparse.urlsplit"> <code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">urlsplit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>urlstring</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>scheme</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>allow_fragments</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.urlsplit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This is similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code></a>, but does not split the params from the URL. This should generally be used instead of <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code></a> if the more recent URL syntax allowing parameters to be applied to each segment of the <em>path</em> portion of the URL (see <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396.html"><strong>RFC 2396</strong></a>) is wanted. A separate function is needed to separate the path segments and parameters. This function returns a 5-tuple: (addressing scheme, network location, path, query, fragment identifier).</p> <p>The return value is actually an instance of a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#tuple" title="tuple"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></a>. This class has the following additional read-only convenience attributes:</p> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="25%" /> <col width="10%" /> <col width="35%" /> <col width="31%" /> </colgroup> <thead valign="bottom"> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Attribute</th> <th class="head">Index</th> <th class="head">Value</th> <th class="head">Value if not present</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheme</span></code></td> <td>0</td> <td>URL scheme specifier</td> <td><em>scheme</em> parameter</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netloc</span></code></td> <td>1</td> <td>Network location part</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">path</span></code></td> <td>2</td> <td>Hierarchical path</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">query</span></code></td> <td>3</td> <td>Query component</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fragment</span></code></td> <td>4</td> <td>Fragment identifier</td> <td>empty string</td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">username</span></code></td> <td> </td> <td>User name</td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">password</span></code></td> <td> </td> <td>Password</td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hostname</span></code></td> <td> </td> <td>Host name (lower case)</td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">port</span></code></td> <td> </td> <td>Port number as integer, if present</td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>See section <a class="reference internal" href="#urlparse-result-object"><span class="std std-ref">Results of urlparse() and urlsplit()</span></a> for more information on the result object.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.</span></p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.5: </span>Added attributes to return value.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="urlparse.urlunsplit"> <code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">urlunsplit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>parts</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.urlunsplit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#urlparse.urlsplit" title="urlparse.urlsplit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlsplit()</span></code></a> into a complete URL as a string. The <em>parts</em> argument can be any five-item iterable. This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the URL that was parsed originally had unnecessary delimiters (for example, a ? with an empty query; the RFC states that these are equivalent).</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="urlparse.urljoin"> <code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">urljoin</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>base</em>, <em>url</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>allow_fragments</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.urljoin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Construct a full (“absolute”) URL by combining a “base URL” (<em>base</em>) with another URL (<em>url</em>). Informally, this uses components of the base URL, in particular the addressing scheme, the network location and (part of) the path, to provide missing components in the relative URL. For example:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">urlparse</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">urljoin</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">urljoin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://www.cwi.nl/</span><span class="si">%7E</span><span class="s1">guido/Python.html'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'FAQ.html'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">'http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/FAQ.html'</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The <em>allow_fragments</em> argument has the same meaning and default as for <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">If <em>url</em> is an absolute URL (that is, starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">//</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheme://</span></code>), the <em>url</em>’s host name and/or scheme will be present in the result. For example:</p> </div> <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">urljoin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://www.cwi.nl/</span><span class="si">%7E</span><span class="s1">guido/Python.html'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="s1">'//www.python.org/</span><span class="si">%7E</span><span class="s1">guido'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">'http://www.python.org/%7Eguido'</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>If you do not want that behavior, preprocess the <em>url</em> with <a class="reference internal" href="#urlparse.urlsplit" title="urlparse.urlsplit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlsplit()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#urlparse.urlunsplit" title="urlparse.urlunsplit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlunsplit()</span></code></a>, removing possible <em>scheme</em> and <em>netloc</em> parts.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="urlparse.urldefrag"> <code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">urldefrag</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>url</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.urldefrag" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If <em>url</em> contains a fragment identifier, returns a modified version of <em>url</em> with no fragment identifier, and the fragment identifier as a separate string. If there is no fragment identifier in <em>url</em>, returns <em>url</em> unmodified and an empty string.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt><span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986.html"><strong>RFC 3986</strong></a> - Uniform Resource Identifiers</dt> <dd>This is the current standard (STD66). Any changes to urlparse module should conform to this. Certain deviations could be observed, which are mostly for backward compatibility purposes and for certain de-facto parsing requirements as commonly observed in major browsers.</dd> <dt><span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2732.html"><strong>RFC 2732</strong></a> - Format for Literal IPv6 Addresses in URL’s.</dt> <dd>This specifies the parsing requirements of IPv6 URLs.</dd> <dt><span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396.html"><strong>RFC 2396</strong></a> - Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</dt> <dd>Document describing the generic syntactic requirements for both Uniform Resource Names (URNs) and Uniform Resource Locators (URLs).</dd> <dt><span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2368.html"><strong>RFC 2368</strong></a> - The mailto URL scheme.</dt> <dd>Parsing requirements for mailto URL schemes.</dd> <dt><span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1808.html"><strong>RFC 1808</strong></a> - Relative Uniform Resource Locators</dt> <dd>This Request For Comments includes the rules for joining an absolute and a relative URL, including a fair number of “Abnormal Examples” which govern the treatment of border cases.</dd> <dt><span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1738.html"><strong>RFC 1738</strong></a> - Uniform Resource Locators (URL)</dt> <dd>This specifies the formal syntax and semantics of absolute URLs.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="results-of-urlparse-and-urlsplit"> <span id="urlparse-result-object"></span><h2>20.16.1. Results of <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#urlparse.urlsplit" title="urlparse.urlsplit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlsplit()</span></code></a><a class="headerlink" href="#results-of-urlparse-and-urlsplit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The result objects from the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#urlparse.urlsplit" title="urlparse.urlsplit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlsplit()</span></code></a> functions are subclasses of the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#tuple" title="tuple"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code></a> type. These subclasses add the attributes described in those functions, as well as provide an additional method:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="urlparse.ParseResult.geturl"> <code class="descclassname">ParseResult.</code><code class="descname">geturl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.ParseResult.geturl" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the re-combined version of the original URL as a string. This may differ from the original URL in that the scheme will always be normalized to lower case and empty components may be dropped. Specifically, empty parameters, queries, and fragment identifiers will be removed.</p> <p>The result of this method is a fixpoint if passed back through the original parsing function:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">urlparse</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'HTTP://www.Python.org/doc/#'</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">r1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urlparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">urlsplit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">r1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">geturl</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">'http://www.Python.org/doc/'</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">r2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">urlparse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">urlsplit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">r1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">geturl</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">r2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">geturl</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="go">'http://www.Python.org/doc/'</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The following classes provide the implementations of the parse results:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="urlparse.ParseResult"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">ParseResult</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>scheme</em>, <em>netloc</em>, <em>path</em>, <em>params</em>, <em>query</em>, <em>fragment</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.ParseResult" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Concrete class for <a class="reference internal" href="#module-urlparse" title="urlparse: Parse URLs into or assemble them from components."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code></a> results.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="urlparse.SplitResult"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">urlparse.</code><code class="descname">SplitResult</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>scheme</em>, <em>netloc</em>, <em>path</em>, <em>query</em>, <em>fragment</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#urlparse.SplitResult" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Concrete class for <a class="reference internal" href="#urlparse.urlsplit" title="urlparse.urlsplit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlsplit()</span></code></a> results.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">20.16. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse</span></code> — Parse URLs into components</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#results-of-urlparse-and-urlsplit">20.16.1. Results of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlparse()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">urlsplit()</span></code></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="uuid.html" title="previous chapter">20.15. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uuid</span></code> — UUID objects according to RFC 4122</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="socketserver.html" title="next chapter">20.17. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SocketServer</span></code> — A framework for network servers</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/urlparse.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="socketserver.html" title="20.17. 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