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2to3.html
58.11
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2019-03-27 12:19
__builtin__.html
10.81
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__future__.html
14.34
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__main__.html
7.34
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_winreg.html
63.12
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abc.html
25.22
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aepack.html
13.83
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aetools.html
16
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aetypes.html
20.53
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aifc.html
24.48
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al.html
18.23
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allos.html
34.47
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anydbm.html
17.7
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archiving.html
9.84
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argparse.html
257.44
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array.html
31.11
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ast.html
37.27
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asynchat.html
33.13
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asyncore.html
39.68
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atexit.html
18.02
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audioop.html
33.45
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autogil.html
8.53
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base64.html
21.35
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basehttpserver.html
36.56
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bastion.html
11.52
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bdb.html
40.42
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binascii.html
22.46
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binhex.html
11.04
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bisect.html
24.09
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bsddb.html
27.92
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bz2.html
28.37
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calendar.html
40.78
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carbon.html
50.78
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cd.html
29.33
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cgi.html
54.61
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cgihttpserver.html
13.7
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cgitb.html
11.98
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chunk.html
15.53
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cmath.html
27.7
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cmd.html
28.36
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code.html
26.33
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codecs.html
115.49
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codeop.html
15.53
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collections.html
144.19
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colorpicker.html
7.85
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colorsys.html
11.64
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commands.html
15.15
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compileall.html
18.18
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compiler.html
74.12
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configparser.html
66.16
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constants.html
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contextlib.html
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cookie.html
40.87
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cookielib.html
88.9
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copy.html
12.7
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copy_reg.html
14.35
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crypt.html
10.4
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crypto.html
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csv.html
74.66
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ctypes.html
258.37
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curses.ascii.html
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curses.html
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curses.panel.html
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custominterp.html
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datatypes.html
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datetime.html
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dbhash.html
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dbm.html
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debug.html
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decimal.html
217.1
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development.html
14.48
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difflib.html
89.82
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2019-03-27 12:19
dircache.html
12.01
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2019-03-27 12:19
dis.html
82.18
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distribution.html
7.5
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distutils.html
9.91
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dl.html
17.25
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doctest.html
181.53
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docxmlrpcserver.html
17.16
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2019-03-27 12:19
dumbdbm.html
15.18
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dummy_thread.html
9.83
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dummy_threading.html
8.72
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2019-03-27 12:19
easydialogs.html
32.35
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2019-03-27 12:19
email-examples.html
46.31
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.charset.html
28.73
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.encoders.html
12.55
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email.errors.html
17.53
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email.generator.html
22.6
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email.header.html
28.43
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email.html
54.42
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email.iterators.html
12.33
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email.message.html
68.54
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email.mime.html
30.91
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.parser.html
34.32
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2019-03-27 12:19
email.utils.html
26.44
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2019-03-27 12:19
ensurepip.html
17.9
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2019-03-27 12:19
errno.html
39.3
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2019-03-27 12:19
exceptions.html
62.2
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2019-03-27 12:19
fcntl.html
25.63
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filecmp.html
23.43
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2019-03-27 12:19
fileformats.html
9.43
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fileinput.html
26.44
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filesys.html
10.61
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fl.html
55.2
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2019-03-27 12:19
fm.html
12.7
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fnmatch.html
15.88
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2019-03-27 12:19
formatter.html
36.5
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fpectl.html
16.48
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fpformat.html
11.19
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2019-03-27 12:19
fractions.html
24.3
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framework.html
36.07
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frameworks.html
7.37
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ftplib.html
48.42
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functions.html
200.82
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functools.html
28.95
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future_builtins.html
14.14
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gc.html
27.76
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gdbm.html
17.39
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gensuitemodule.html
12.28
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getopt.html
24.69
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getpass.html
11.16
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gettext.html
82.98
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gl.html
23.77
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glob.html
14.09
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grp.html
11.05
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gzip.html
20.09
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hashlib.html
24.87
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2019-03-27 12:19
heapq.html
34.07
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hmac.html
14.04
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hotshot.html
19.67
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htmllib.html
27.03
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htmlparser.html
41.44
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httplib.html
69.27
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i18n.html
9.81
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ic.html
18.22
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idle.html
41.16
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imageop.html
15.72
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imaplib.html
57.14
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imgfile.html
12.43
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imghdr.html
11.95
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imp.html
36.72
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importlib.html
8.72
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imputil.html
32.78
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index.html
77.23
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inspect.html
55.49
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internet.html
25.53
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intro.html
9.13
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io.html
111.04
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ipc.html
16.21
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itertools.html
122.46
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jpeg.html
13.43
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json.html
71.95
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keyword.html
8.02
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language.html
11.41
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linecache.html
11.15
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locale.html
60.13
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logging.config.html
78.17
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logging.handlers.html
78.31
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logging.html
107.67
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mac.html
22.83
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macos.html
15.75
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macosa.html
13.75
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macostools.html
16.5
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macpath.html
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mailbox.html
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mailcap.html
13.8
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markup.html
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marshal.html
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math.html
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md5.html
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mhlib.html
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mimetools.html
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mimetypes.html
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mimewriter.html
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mimify.html
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miniaeframe.html
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misc.html
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mm.html
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mmap.html
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modulefinder.html
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modules.html
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msilib.html
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msvcrt.html
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multifile.html
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multiprocessing.html
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mutex.html
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netdata.html
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netrc.html
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new.html
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nis.html
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nntplib.html
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numbers.html
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numeric.html
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operator.html
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optparse.html
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os.html
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os.path.html
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ossaudiodev.html
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othergui.html
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parser.html
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pdb.html
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persistence.html
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pickle.html
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pickletools.html
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pipes.html
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pkgutil.html
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platform.html
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plistlib.html
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popen2.html
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poplib.html
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posix.html
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posixfile.html
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pprint.html
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profile.html
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pty.html
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pwd.html
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py_compile.html
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pyclbr.html
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pydoc.html
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pyexpat.html
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python.html
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queue.html
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quopri.html
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random.html
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re.html
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readline.html
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repr.html
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resource.html
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restricted.html
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rexec.html
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rfc822.html
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rlcompleter.html
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robotparser.html
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runpy.html
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sched.html
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scrolledtext.html
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select.html
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sets.html
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sgi.html
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sgmllib.html
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sha.html
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shelve.html
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>17.5. popen2 — Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams — Python 2.7.16 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.16 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="17.6. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler" href="asyncore.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="17.4. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events" href="signal.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/popen2.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="asyncore.html" title="17.6. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="signal.html" title="17.4. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="ipc.html" accesskey="U">17. Interprocess Communication and Networking</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-popen2"> <span id="popen2-subprocesses-with-accessible-i-o-streams"></span><h1>17.5. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-popen2" title="popen2: Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen2</span></code></a> — Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams<a class="headerlink" href="#module-popen2" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 2.6: </span>This module is obsolete. Use the <a class="reference internal" href="subprocess.html#module-subprocess" title="subprocess: Subprocess management."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code></a> module. Check especially the <a class="reference internal" href="subprocess.html#subprocess-replacements"><span class="std std-ref">Replacing Older Functions with the subprocess Module</span></a> section.</p> </div> <p>This module allows you to spawn processes and connect to their input/output/error pipes and obtain their return codes under Unix and Windows.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="subprocess.html#module-subprocess" title="subprocess: Subprocess management."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code></a> module provides more powerful facilities for spawning new processes and retrieving their results. Using the <a class="reference internal" href="subprocess.html#module-subprocess" title="subprocess: Subprocess management."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code></a> module is preferable to using the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-popen2" title="popen2: Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen2</span></code></a> module.</p> <p>The primary interface offered by this module is a trio of factory functions. For each of these, if <em>bufsize</em> is specified, it specifies the buffer size for the I/O pipes. <em>mode</em>, if provided, should be the string <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'b'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'t'</span></code>; on Windows this is needed to determine whether the file objects should be opened in binary or text mode. The default value for <em>mode</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'t'</span></code>.</p> <p>On Unix, <em>cmd</em> may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed directly to the program without shell intervention (as with <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.spawnv" title="os.spawnv"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.spawnv()</span></code></a>). If <em>cmd</em> is a string it will be passed to the shell (as with <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.system" title="os.system"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.system()</span></code></a>).</p> <p>The only way to retrieve the return codes for the child processes is by using the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poll()</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait()</span></code> methods on the <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen3" title="popen2.Popen3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen3</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen4" title="popen2.Popen4"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen4</span></code></a> classes; these are only available on Unix. This information is not available when using the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-popen2" title="popen2: Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen2()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.popen3" title="popen2.popen3"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen3()</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.popen4" title="popen2.popen4"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen4()</span></code></a> functions, or the equivalent functions in the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module. (Note that the tuples returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module’s functions are in a different order from the ones returned by the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-popen2" title="popen2: Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen2</span></code></a> module.)</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="popen2.popen2"> <code class="descclassname">popen2.</code><code class="descname">popen2</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>bufsize</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>mode</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.popen2" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Executes <em>cmd</em> as a sub-process. Returns the file objects <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(child_stdout,</span> <span class="pre">child_stdin)</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="popen2.popen3"> <code class="descclassname">popen2.</code><code class="descname">popen3</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>bufsize</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>mode</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.popen3" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Executes <em>cmd</em> as a sub-process. Returns the file objects <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(child_stdout,</span> <span class="pre">child_stdin,</span> <span class="pre">child_stderr)</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="popen2.popen4"> <code class="descclassname">popen2.</code><code class="descname">popen4</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>bufsize</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>mode</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.popen4" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Executes <em>cmd</em> as a sub-process. Returns the file objects <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(child_stdout_and_stderr,</span> <span class="pre">child_stdin)</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.0.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>On Unix, a class defining the objects returned by the factory functions is also available. These are not used for the Windows implementation, and are not available on that platform.</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="popen2.Popen3"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">popen2.</code><code class="descname">Popen3</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>capturestderr</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>bufsize</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.Popen3" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class represents a child process. Normally, <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen3" title="popen2.Popen3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen3</span></code></a> instances are created using the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-popen2" title="popen2: Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen2()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.popen3" title="popen2.popen3"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen3()</span></code></a> factory functions described above.</p> <p>If not using one of the helper functions to create <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen3" title="popen2.Popen3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen3</span></code></a> objects, the parameter <em>cmd</em> is the shell command to execute in a sub-process. The <em>capturestderr</em> flag, if true, specifies that the object should capture standard error output of the child process. The default is false. If the <em>bufsize</em> parameter is specified, it specifies the size of the I/O buffers to/from the child process.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="popen2.Popen4"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">popen2.</code><code class="descname">Popen4</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>bufsize</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.Popen4" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen3" title="popen2.Popen3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen3</span></code></a>, but always captures standard error into the same file object as standard output. These are typically created using <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.popen4" title="popen2.popen4"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen4()</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.0.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="popen3-and-popen4-objects"> <span id="popen3-objects"></span><h2>17.5.1. Popen3 and Popen4 Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#popen3-and-popen4-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Instances of the <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen3" title="popen2.Popen3"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen3</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen4" title="popen2.Popen4"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen4</span></code></a> classes have the following methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="popen2.Popen3.poll"> <code class="descclassname">Popen3.</code><code class="descname">poll</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.Popen3.poll" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> if child process hasn’t completed yet, or its status code (see <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen3.wait" title="popen2.Popen3.wait"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait()</span></code></a>) otherwise.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="popen2.Popen3.wait"> <code class="descclassname">Popen3.</code><code class="descname">wait</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.Popen3.wait" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Waits for and returns the status code of the child process. The status code encodes both the return code of the process and information about whether it exited using the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exit()</span></code> system call or died due to a signal. Functions to help interpret the status code are defined in the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module; see section <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os-process"><span class="std std-ref">Process Management</span></a> for the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">W*()</span></code> family of functions.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The following attributes are also available:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="popen2.Popen3.fromchild"> <code class="descclassname">Popen3.</code><code class="descname">fromchild</code><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.Popen3.fromchild" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A file object that provides output from the child process. For <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen4" title="popen2.Popen4"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen4</span></code></a> instances, this will provide both the standard output and standard error streams.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="popen2.Popen3.tochild"> <code class="descclassname">Popen3.</code><code class="descname">tochild</code><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.Popen3.tochild" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A file object that provides input to the child process.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="popen2.Popen3.childerr"> <code class="descclassname">Popen3.</code><code class="descname">childerr</code><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.Popen3.childerr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A file object that provides error output from the child process, if <em>capturestderr</em> was true for the constructor, otherwise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. This will always be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> for <a class="reference internal" href="#popen2.Popen4" title="popen2.Popen4"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen4</span></code></a> instances.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="popen2.Popen3.pid"> <code class="descclassname">Popen3.</code><code class="descname">pid</code><a class="headerlink" href="#popen2.Popen3.pid" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The process ID of the child process.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="flow-control-issues"> <span id="popen2-flow-control"></span><h2>17.5.2. Flow Control Issues<a class="headerlink" href="#flow-control-issues" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Any time you are working with any form of inter-process communication, control flow needs to be carefully thought out. This remains the case with the file objects provided by this module (or the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module equivalents).</p> <p>When reading output from a child process that writes a lot of data to standard error while the parent is reading from the child’s standard output, a deadlock can occur. A similar situation can occur with other combinations of reads and writes. The essential factors are that more than <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_PC_PIPE_BUF</span></code> bytes are being written by one process in a blocking fashion, while the other process is reading from the first process, also in a blocking fashion.</p> <p>There are several ways to deal with this situation.</p> <p>The simplest application change, in many cases, will be to follow this model in the parent process:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">popen2</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">e</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">popen2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">popen3</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'python slave.py'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readlines</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readlines</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>with code like this in the child:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span> <span class="c1"># note that each of these print statements</span> <span class="c1"># writes a single long string</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="o">>></span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">400</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="s1">'this is a test</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fileno</span><span class="p">())</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="o">>></span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">400</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="s1">'this is another test</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>In particular, note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code> must be closed after writing all data, or <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readlines()</span></code> won’t return. Also note that <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.close" title="os.close"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.close()</span></code></a> must be used, as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr.close()</span></code> won’t close <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stderr</span></code> (otherwise assigning to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code> will silently close it, so no further errors can be printed).</p> <p>Applications which need to support a more general approach should integrate I/O over pipes with their <a class="reference internal" href="select.html#module-select" title="select: Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams."><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">select()</span></code></a> loops, or use separate threads to read each of the individual files provided by whichever <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen*()</span></code> function or <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Popen*</span></code> class was used.</p> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="subprocess.html#module-subprocess" title="subprocess: Subprocess management."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code></a></dt> <dd>Module for spawning and managing subprocesses.</dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">17.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen2</span></code> — Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#popen3-and-popen4-objects">17.5.1. Popen3 and Popen4 Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#flow-control-issues">17.5.2. Flow Control Issues</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="signal.html" title="previous chapter">17.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal</span></code> — Set handlers for asynchronous events</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="asyncore.html" title="next chapter">17.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asyncore</span></code> — Asynchronous socket handler</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/popen2.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="asyncore.html" title="17.6. asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="signal.html" title="17.4. signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="ipc.html" >17. 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